ASCII
ASCII/ASCII

American Standard Code for Information Interchange.
美国信息交换标准代码。

Character
Character/字符

Logical unit that represents a letter, digit or symbol of a writing system.
书写系统中表示一个字母，数位或符号的逻辑单位。

Character Set
Character Set/字符集

The mapping of characters from a writing system to a set of binary codes.
书写系统中的字符到一套二进制代码的映射。

CJK
CJK/CJK

Chinese, Japanese and Korean. Usually used to refer to the common Han ideographs shared by th three languages and other issues surrounding this. Sometimes associated with Vietnamese and called CJKV.
汉语、日语和韩语。通常指三国语言公用的汉字和相关的其他事项。有时和越南语并称为 CJKV。

DNS
DNS/DNS

Domain Name Server, a service that resolves symbolic host names into numeric IP addresses, and vice versa.
域名服务，将符号形式的主机名与 IP 地址相互转换的服务。

Encoding
Encoding/编码

A character encoding scheme is a set of rules for representing a sequence of character codes with byte sequence.
字符编码系统是一套用字节序列表示一串字符代码的规则。

Font
Font/字体

Resource that provide a set of glyphs for text rendering.
用于文本渲染的一套符号的来源。

Fontconfig
Fontconfig/Fontconfig

A client-side font configuration library split from Xft as an X-independent module. Modern GNU/Linux desktops are using it as default font system, as opposed to the traditional font system managed by X server.
作为独立于 X 窗口系统的模块从 Xft 中分离出来的客户端字体配置库。现代 GNU/Linux 桌面将其作为缺省字体系统，与 X 服务管理的传统字体系统不同。

FOSS
FOSS/自由／开源软件

Free/Open Source Software.
自由／开源软件。

Glyph
Glyph/符号

Graphical unit for composing text display of a writing system. A glyph may represent the shape of a single character, part of a character (in the case of characters with multiple parts), or a combined form of character sequence (in the case of ligatures).
书写系统中组成文本的图形单位。符号可以表现为单个字符的形状，字符的一部分（对于由多部分组成的字符），或者字符序列的组合形式（连写的情况）。

GNOME
GNOME/GNOME

GNU Network Object Modelling Environment, a desktop environment based on GTK+ toolkit and other desktop components.

GNU 网络对象建模环境，基于 GTK+ 工具包和其他桌面组件的桌面环境。

GNU
GNU

A recursive acronym standing for “GNU’s Not Unix.” GNU is an effort to create a completely free operating system based on Unix architecture.

这是“GNU's Not Unix”的迭代式缩写。GNU 是为在 Unix 架构上建立完全自由的操作系统进行的工作。

GTK+
GTK+

The GIMP Tool Kit, a toolkit initially created for using with The GIMP (GNU Image Manipulation Program), but later becomes an independent general-purpose toolkit. GTK+ is written in C, licensed under LGPL.

GIMP 工具包（GIMP Tool Kit）最初是为 GIMP（GNU 图像处理程序）开发的一个工具包，但后来成了独立的通用工具包。GTK+ 是用 C 语言写成，用 LGPL 授权发布。

I18N
I18N

Abbreviation for Internationalization.

国际化的简写。

IIIMF
IIIMF

Internet/Intranet Input Method Framework, a new framework for cross-platform input method developed by OpenI18N.org. IIIMF bridges different IM protocols by using wrappers that communicate with a common protocol.

互联网/内部网输入法框架是由 OpenI18N.org 开发的用于跨平台输入的新的框架。IIIMF 通过与一个通用协议通信的包装程序将不同的输入法协议联系起来。

Internationalization
Internationalization／国际化

The practice of developing software with the readiness to work in different languages and cultures without modification of the source code or re-compilation. This usually means abstraction in culture-sensitive operations as well as defining the mechanism for dynamically loading locale-based implementations.

指开发能够在不同语言和文化条件下不需要修改源代码或重新编译就能使用的软件的活动。通常这表示对受文化影响的操作进行抽象化，并定义动态载入基于区域设置的实现的机制。

KDE
KDE

K Desktop Environment, a desktop environment based on Qt toolkit and other desktop components.

K 桌面环境，基于 Qt 工具包和其他桌面组件的桌面环境。

Kernel
Kernel／内核

A very low-level software that manages computer hardware, multi-tasks the many programs that are running at any given time, and other such essential things.

处于底层的用于管理计算机硬件，在任意时刻同时运行多个程序，以及实现其他必要功能的软件。

L10N
L10N

Abbreviation for Localization.

本地化的缩写。

Locale
Locale／区域设置

The features of the user’s environment that are dependent on language, country and cultural conventions. The locale determines conventions such as string collation; date and time formats; number and currency formats; and so on.

用户环境中依赖于语言、国家和文化习惯的特性。区域设置决定诸如字符串排列、日期和时间格式、数字和货币格式等等惯例。

Localization
Localization／本地化

Implementation of cultural conventions defined by the internationalization process according to different languages and cultures.

由国际化过程根据不同语言和文化定义的文化习惯的实现。

Multilingual
Multilingual／多语言

Supporting more than one language simultaneously. Often implies the ability to handle more than one script and character set.

同时支持多于一种语言。通常暗指处理多种文字和字符集的能力。

OTF
OTF

OpenType Font.

OpenType 字体。

Pango
Pango

A Unicode-based multi-lingual text rendering engine used by GTK+ 2. Like GTK+, Pango is written in C and licensed under LGPL.

GTK+ 2 使用的一个基于 Unicode 的多语言文本渲染引擎。和 GTK+ 一样，Pango 是用 C 编写并用 LGPL 授权发布的。

PHP
PHP

A server-side scripting language for creating dynamic web pages.

一种用于创建动态网页的服务器端脚本语言。

POSIX
POSIX

Portable Operating System Interface Specification is the minimum specification of system calls for operating systems based on Unix, defined by IEEE so that applications based on it are guaranteed to be portable across OSs. Although based on Unix, POSIX is also supported by some non-Unix OSs.

由 IEEE 制定的可移植操作系统接口规格（Portable Operating System Interface Specification）是基于 Unix 的操作系统所使用的系统调用的基本规定，基于该规格的应用程序可以在不同的系统间移植。虽然是基于 Unix 的，一些非 Unix 操作系统也支持 POSIX。

Qt
Qt

A cross-platform toolkit developed by TrollTech, and later used as the base for the KDE project. Qt is written in C++ and dual-licensed under GPL and QPL.

由 TrollTech 开发的跨平台工具包，后来成为 KDE 项目的基础。Qt 用 C++ 编写，并用 GPL 和 QPL 双重许可证发布。

Script
Script／字母集

A system of characters used to write one or several languages.

一种用于书写一种或多种语言的字符系统。

SSH
SSH

Secure Shell is used for remote login using an encrypted connection to prevent sniffing by third parties.

Secure Shell 使用加密连接避免第三方的嗅探，是一种远程登录手段。

Toolkit
Toolkit／工具包

A library for GUI application development. It provides common widgets and controls such as menu, button, text entry, etc.

图形界面程序开发使用的一个库。它提供一般的组件和控件，如菜单，按钮，文本框等。

TTF
TTF

TrueType Font.

TrueType 字体。

UCS
UCS

Universal Multi-octet coded character set, as defined by ISO/IEC 10646 to represent the world’s writing systems. It is maintained by ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2, with contributions from the Unicode Consortium.

通用多字节编码字符集，由 ISO/IEC 10646 定义，用于表示全世界的书写系统。这套字符集由 ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2 维护，Unicode 联合会对其也有贡献。

Unicode
Unicode

A 24-bit coded character set used to represent the world’s writing systems. It is maintained by the Unicode Consortium, in synchronization with ISO/IEC 10646.

一套用于表示全世界书写系统的24位编码字符集，由 Unicode 联合会维护，与 ISO/IEC 10646 保持一致。

UTF-8
UTF-8

Unicode (UCS) Transformation Format, using 8-bit multibyte encoding scheme.

Unicode（UCS）转换格式，使用8位多字节编码形式。

X Client
X Client

Application process that makes requests to the X server for displaying graphical outputs on the screen and/or accepts events from input device. (See also: X Server.)

向 X 服务发出请求在屏幕上显示图形输出和／或接受输入设备的事件的应用程序进程。（参见 X Server。）

X Font Server
X Font Server／X 字体服务

A service that provides font accesses to the X server.

提供 X 服务的字体访问的服务。

XFS
XFS

X Font Server.

X 字体服务。

Xft
Xft

An extension introduced in XFree86 for managing glyph images of vector fonts at client side. This allows X applications to add special effects to the glyphs, such as anti-aliasing.

在 XFree86 中引入的一个用于管理客户端矢量字体符号图像的扩展。它允许 X 应用程序为符号添加特殊效果，如反锯齿。

XFree86
XFree86

A free X Window implementation for PC, although Mac is also supported. It is developed on top of the free source code from the X consortium (X.org), along with hardware drivers and some extensions. It used to be the only X Window implementation for FOSS on PC, until recent forks (1) by efforts such as Xouvert, freedesktop.org X server, Keith Packard’s kdrive, and X11R6.7, the latest one which is endorsed by X.org itself. (See also: X.org.)

用于 PC 的自由的 X 窗口系统实现，也支持 Mac。它是在 X 联合会（X.org）的自由代码基础上增加了硬件驱动和一些扩展开发而成的。在最近的如 Xouvert，freedesktop.org X 服务，Keith Packard's kdrive 和 X.org 自己推行的 X11R6.7 这样的分支出现之前，它曾经是 PC 上唯一的自由／开源软件 X 窗口实现。（参见 X.org）

XIM
XIM

X Input Method framework, introduced in X11R6 as part of its I18N. It makes complicated text input processes, such as those for CJK, possible.

X 输入法框架，在 X11R6 中作为其国际化的一部分引入。它使得像中日韩文字这样的复杂文本输入过程成为可能。

XKB
XKB

X Keyboard extension, introduced in X11R6 as part of its I18N. It provides a method to describe keyboard layouts, to combine multiple layouts, and to switch between them.

X 键盘扩展，在 X11R6 中作为其国际化的一部分引入。它提供了描述键盘布局，合并多种布局和在布局间切换的方法。

XOM
XOM

X Output Method framework, introduced in X11R6 but fully implemented in X11R6.5.1 to provide complex text rendering. But its late arrival, when rendering engines like Pango have already matured, makes its usefulness questionable.

X 输出方法框架，在 X11R6 中引入，但直到 X11R6.5.1 才完全实现了提供复杂文本渲染的功能。但像 Pango 这样的渲染引擎已经成熟的情况下，姗姗来迟的它的有用性值得质疑。

X.org
X.org

The X consortium that maintains the X Window system. Normally, it maintains the X specification and provides the framework implementation source code in free license. In early 2004, triggered by license change in XFree86, a group of developers forked XFree86 source and made it X11R6.7 release in the name of X.org.

维护 X 窗口系统的 X 联合会。通常，它负责维护 X 技术标准并在自由许可下提供实现的框架代码。在2004年初，由于 XFree86 许可证的变化，一群开发者建立了 XFree86 代码的分支，并用 X.org 的名字发布了 X11R6.7 版本。

X Server
X Server／X 服务

The service that provides interface to graphical hardware and input devices in the X Window system. Its clients are called X Clients. (See also: X Client.)

在 X 窗口系统中提供到图形硬件和输入设备的接口的服务。其客户程序被称为 X 客户。（参见 X Client）

X Window
X Window

A graphical environment initially developed by the Athena project at MIT with support from some vendors, and later maintained by the X consortium. X Window is the major graphical environment for most Unix variants nowadays.

最初由 MIT 的 Athena 项目在一些提供商支持下开发的图形环境，后来由 X 联合会维护。X Window 是当今大部分类 Unix 系统的主要图形环境。

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1 In software, a project fork or branch happens when a developer (or a group of them) takes code from a project and starts to develop independently of the rest. This schism can be caused because of different goals or personality clashes. Definition available at www.wordiq.com/definition/Fork_(software)
1 在软件中，项目的分支是指一个或一群开发者从项目中取走代码并开始独立于其他开发者进行开发。这一般是由于目标不同或性格冲突导致的。在 www.wordiq.com/definition/Fork_(software) 有详细的定义。