开放教育资源,离我们有多远?

全球性的开放教育资源(OER, Open Educational Resources)正在迅速涌现。联合国教科文组织支持的一个wiki站点[1]提供了很好的资源导向和相关讨论。像OER Commons这种门户站点已经收入了上万的开放教育资源链接[2]。
其中比较著名的有麻省理工的开放课件(MIT Open Courseware)和Rice University发起的Connexions project。其他广义上的开放教育资源可以包括Wikipedia系列项目和Gutenburg等的开放图书。在线开放的优秀音频视频资源也日趋丰富,例如Librivox的音频图书和Google Video里的一些技术讲座。

有效的中文开放教育资源似乎还很有限。这个开放教育资源离我们有多远的问题首先成了本地化(或翻译)的问题。MIT Open Courseware有中文翻译项目:朱学恒带领的志愿者们作出了巨大的努力,大陆官方也有个相应的项目。除此之外,值得一提的恐怕只有一些IT图书资料(有时侵权了)的志愿翻译。

在这个长路迢迢的本地化之上,是如何有效使用这些开放教育资源的问题。
像传统资源一样,开放教育资源仍然需要相当的、附加的努力来进入学习者的知识结构。尽管优秀的资料可以更有效的传递知识、拙劣的资料也可以应付考试,资料无法代替结构化的和方向性的指导、无法代替师生、同学之间的交流讨论。
这要求我们重新思考教育的本质。教育者不是知识的占有者,而是知识的传播者。教育的核心不是知识,而是知识的传递。在开放资源把知识垄断打破之后,教育就应该(健康地)专注到知识的传递上来。

使用英语的程序开发人员已经熟悉了开放教育资源下的学习模式。开源软件的一个巨大社会效益就是帮助软件人才的培养。然而优秀的程序员们是一个有着非常的探索热情的特殊人群,这个开源学习模式要转移到普通教育上需要巨大的额外努力——也就彰显了教育者的重要性。

教育资源严重短缺是中国的一个严重问题,是中国现代化的真正障碍。然而教育在事实上的国有垄断进一步恶化了这个问题。一方面,应试教育阉割了学生的创造力和自学能力;另一方面,劣质教育泛滥,成了政治权力结构下的敛财工具。
开放教育资源的涌现对所有的发展中国家都是巨大的机会。中国面对这个机会比面对开源软件的时候更茫然——更清楚地反映出了深层的社会问题。让我们呼吁中国政府在义务教育上负起基本的责任,在职业教育和高等教育上消除政治性垄断。同时鼓励社会各界来积极探索开放教育资源的使用,阻止中国在巨大的数码鸿沟后面落后更远。

[1] http://oerwiki.iiep-unesco.org 。资源指南页面见:
http://oerwiki.iiep-unesco.org/index.php?title=OER_useful_resources
[2] http://www.oercommons.org

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洛基开放文化实验室,使用开源方法来推动社会文化进步


UC Berkeley offers course materials on Youtube

Youtube becomes house of learning too

BS Reporter / New Delhi October 05, 2007

Youtube is no longer a place for entertainment alone. It has also become a house of learning with the University of California (UC), Berkeley, becoming the first one to make its entire course lectures and special events available, free of charge, on YouTube.

Visitors to the site at youtube.com/ucberkeley can view more than 300 hours of videotaped courses and events.

Topics range from bioengineering, to peace and conflict studies, to “Physics for Future Presidents”, the title of a popular campus course. Building on its initial offerings, UC Berkeley will continue to expand the catalog of videos available on YouTube.

“UC Berkeley on YouTube will provide a public window into university life — academics, events and athletics — which will build on our rich tradition of open educational content for the larger community,” said Christina Maslach, UC Berkeley’s vice provost for undergraduate education.

YouTube is a leading online video community that allows people to discover, watch and share originally created videos. The video-sharing website allows people to easily upload and share video clips on youtube.com and across the Internet through websites, blogs and e-mail.

UC Berkeley has been a leader in the open-source video movement in higher education since fall 2001, when the campus’ educational technology services (ETS) launched webcast.berkeley.edu — a local site that delivers course and event content as podcasts and streaming video.

In April 2006, UC Berkeley launched its audio podcast programme, making audio content available as free downloads through webcast.berkeley.

On pace to deliver 86 full courses and more than 100 events, amounting to more than 3,500 hours of content in 2007, the programme has expanded dramatically since delivering 15 courses in its inaugural year.

“YouTube’s ongoing innovations create a great environment in which students and lifelong learners alike can discover, watch and share educational videos,” said Ben Hubbard, ETS co-manager of webcast.berkeley.

“We are excited to make UC Berkeley videos available to the world on YouTube and will continue to expand our offerings.”

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